The Spirit of the Brush

The Spirit of the Brush

Calligraphy Rubbings Through the Ages
302D Exhibition Hall

The Chinese character is the carrier of Chinese civilization, while calligraphy is the artistic expression of the Chinese written word.

In the Shang dynasty (17th-11th century BCE), the appearance of oracle bone script and bronze inscription unveiled the dawn of Chinese civilization. These ancient scripts, which are pictorial symbols, kept evolving into more stylized forms. By the Qin period (221-206 BCE), when small seal script and clerical script came into use, Chinese characters began to look more like the form we see today, following a consistent trend of evolving from the difficult to the easy to read and write.

Moreover, how lines and strokes are put together to form a Chinese character and how that form is expressed artistically has always influenced each other in the evolution of the Chinese written language. The powerful Qin and majestic Han stone inscription, the elegant Jin, meticulous Tang, and self-expressive Song calligraphy—the cultural spirit of each age comes alive on the pages of their calligraphic works.

Stele of Cao Quan
Eastern Han Dynasty
185 C.E.
Stone Rubbing on Paper
186 cm
302D The Spirit of the Brush: Calligraphy Rubbings Through the Ages
This stele commemorates the life of Cao Quan, a county prefect in Shaanxi Province during the Eastern Han dynasty, with a record of his achievements in governing. It includes an account of the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184) at the end of the Han dynasty. It was unearthed during the Wanli era (1573-1620) of Ming dynasty in its original site of Geyang county, Shaanxi. Due to its late uncovering, most of the inscription has been well preserved. Unfortunately, it was subsequently fractured during the Qing dynasty. It is now housed in China's Xi'an Beilin Museum. The Cao Quan stele is recognized as an outstanding example of the elegant style of late-Han clerical script calligraphy.
Stele of Yan Qinli
Tang Dynasty
779 C.E.
Stone Rubbing on Paper
182 cm
302D The Spirit of the Brush: Calligraphy Rubbings Through the Ages
At the age of 71, Yan Zhenqing (709-785) erected this stele for his great grandfather Yan Qinli. It was found buried, and only unearthed in 1922 from the site of a government office in Xi'an. Even though it sustains a fracture, most of the characters remain intact in this mature work of Yan. This stele demonstrates the use of round brushworks to create characters with a smooth, rich and rounded shape. Compact, powerful, replete with inner richness and outward majesty, this piece is a work of pure artistry. The regal and elegant style also reflects the flourishing art and culture of the Tang period.
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